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abbr[title="extensible messaging and presence protocol"]{speak:normal}

I mean, XMPP :)

Some web chat apps are powered by HTTP polling techniques, which can be made to be near real time, but not quite akshully real time. 37Signals Campfire chat application is an example. Messaging based on XMPP, however, are real time.

BOSH, aka long-polling
COMET